How to Perform a Speed Test for Internet: Step-by-Step Guide

How to Perform a Speed Test for Internet: Step-by-Step Guide

Article Image
In today’s digital age, a reliable and fast internet connection is crucial for everything from streaming movies to working remotely. However, many people find themselves wondering if they’re getting the speeds they’re paying for. This is where a speed test for internet comes in handy, allowing users to measure their connection’s performance accurately.

An internet speed test checks various aspects of a connection, including download and upload speeds, as well as ping time. Whether you’re experiencing slow WiFi, troubleshooting network issues, or simply curious about your broadband performance, running a speed test can provide valuable insights. This guide will walk you through the process of conducting a speed test, explain how to interpret the results, and offer tips to improve your connection speed for better streaming, gaming, and overall online experience.

Why Internet Speed Matters

In today’s digital age, internet speed plays a crucial role in shaping our online experiences and capabilities. The evolution of internet technology has been remarkable, transforming from the early days when downloading a single picture took hours to the present, where the average American connection speed is around 10 megabits per second (Mbps) [1]. This significant improvement allows users to stream movies and engage in activities that were unimaginable just two decades ago.

Impact on Daily Activities

Internet speed has a profound effect on various aspects of our daily lives. It determines the range of online activities we can engage in and how efficiently we can perform them. Internet service providers offer plans ranging from less than 1 Mbps (extremely slow) to 5,000 Mbps (incredibly fast), with most users finding satisfaction in speeds around 100 Mbps for download [2].

High-speed internet brings several benefits to users:

  1. Quick downloads and fast load times
  2. Lower chance of buffering or dropped connections
  3. Smoother experience during video calls and livestreams
  4. Better support for multiple users on the same Wi-Fi network [2]

These advantages become particularly important when considering the increasing reliance on internet-based services for work, education, and entertainment.

Importance for Different Users

The significance of internet speed varies depending on the user’s needs and circumstances:

  1. Businesses: High-speed internet enhances productivity by enabling faster file transfers, smoother video conferencing, and more efficient use of cloud-based applications [3]. This connectivity allows companies to leverage cutting-edge technologies and maintain competitiveness in the digital marketplace.
  2. Remote Workers: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the critical role of fast internet as businesses transitioned to work-from-home models. Reliable, high-speed connections allowed companies to maintain productivity during times of social distancing [3].
  3. Students: Online learning platforms rely on robust internet speeds to provide uninterrupted access to educational resources. The digital transformation in education has made fast internet an essential utility for academic progress [3].
  4. Entertainment Seekers: The rise of streaming services has amplified the demand for high-speed internet. Households now expect smooth, buffer-free experiences when streaming movies, music, or gaming online [3].
  5. Older Adults: For seniors or those with limited mobility, high-speed internet serves as a gateway to exploration and enjoyment. It enables participation in virtual events, online classes, and social connections, combating isolation and promoting mental well-being [4].
  6. Healthcare Users: Telemedicine offers convenient and affordable care options, especially for those in remote areas or with limited mobility. However, these benefits often go underutilized due to lack of adequate internet access [4].

To better understand the bandwidth requirements, one can imagine internet bandwidth as a water pipe. A large “pipe” with fiber to the home (FTTH) might carry a substantial volume of traffic, such as 1 Gbit/s (gigabit per second), equivalent to about 100 MBytes per second. Different internet services require varying amounts of this bandwidth. For instance, Netflix needs 3-25 Mbits/s, depending on the video quality [1].

The more bandwidth available, the more services a user can access simultaneously. However, it’s important to note that bandwidth is shared among all internet users at a premise. In most situations, this sharing is done fairly, with each internet service getting an equal share of the bandwidth [1].

In conclusion, internet speed matters because it sets the parameters for what users can do online. It affects productivity, entertainment, education, and even healthcare access. As our reliance on digital services continues to grow, the importance of fast and reliable internet connections will only increase, making it a crucial factor in our increasingly connected world.

Types of Internet Speed Tests

Internet speed tests come in various forms, each designed to measure network performance accurately. These tests typically use active measurement techniques, introducing new traffic into the network to gage its capabilities [5]. This approach is considered the best practice for speed testing, as opposed to passive tests that observe existing traffic to infer performance metrics.

Browser-Based Tests

Browser-based speed tests are among the most accessible options for users. These tests run directly from a web browser, making them convenient for quick checks. However, they have limitations. Web-based tests, many of which rely on JavaScript, cannot transfer data at rates exceeding several hundred megabits per second [5]. This constraint becomes more apparent as network speeds increase.

One popular browser-based test is Speedtest.net, which provides a user-friendly interface for measuring internet speeds. However, it’s important to note that browser capabilities, extensions, add-ons, or security tools can interfere with web-based test traffic, potentially leading to varying results [6].

App-Based Tests

App-based tests offer a more reliable alternative to browser-based options. These tests come in two main forms:

  1. Native Applications: These are software programs designed specifically for particular operating systems such as Android, iOS, Windows, and macOS. Ookla, for example, provides mobile applications for both Android and iOS, optimized to measure the specific intricacies of a mobile connection [7].
  2. Embedded Software: This refers to speed test software integrated into existing network devices like cable modems, home gateway devices, or Wi-Fi access points. These tests can minimize the effect of user-related factors and tend to be more accurate [5].

App-based tests often provide more reliable results compared to website-based tests. For instance, Ookla offers dedicated Speedtest apps for computers (Mac and Windows) and even an AppleTV app [7].

Command Line Tools

For more advanced users or those seeking greater control over their speed tests, command-line interface (CLI) tools are available. These tools allow users to run speed tests directly from a computer’s command prompt or terminal.

Ookla, for example, offers a Speedtest CLI tool for developers who want to leverage the trusted technology and global server network behind Speedtest to power their own solutions [7]. These command-line tools can be particularly useful for automated testing or integration into custom scripts and applications.

It’s worth noting that the type of speed test used can significantly impact the results. For example, a study showed that a speed test using software embedded in a user’s router reported almost twice the throughput compared to the same test performed immediately after using native software on a mobile device over Wi-Fi [5]. This difference highlights the importance of considering the test type when interpreting results.

As network speeds continue to increase, there’s a growing need for “native” applications or tests that run on embedded devices (e.g., home routers, Roku, Eero, and AppleTV) or dedicated devices (e.g., Odroid, Raspberry Pi, SamKnows “white box,” and RIPE Atlas probes) [5]. These solutions can provide more accurate measurements of high-speed connections that might exceed the capabilities of browser-based tests.

In conclusion, while various types of internet speed tests are available, each with its own strengths and limitations, users should choose the most appropriate test based on their specific needs and the capabilities of their network and devices. For the most reliable results, using dedicated apps or embedded software solutions is often recommended over browser-based tests.

Preparing Your Network for Testing

To ensure accurate results when conducting an internet speed test, it’s crucial to prepare the network properly. This preparation involves two key aspects: isolating the connection and choosing the right time for testing.

Isolating Your Connection

To get a clear picture of the actual speeds provided by an internet service provider (ISP), it’s essential to isolate the connection being tested. Here are some steps to achieve this:

  1. Use a wired Ethernet connection: Testing over an Ethernet connection provides a better look at the actual speeds from the provider. This method eliminates potential interference from Wi-Fi signals and gives more reliable results [8].
  2. Utilize router apps: Many modern routers come with accompanying apps that allow users to run speed tests directly through the router. This approach can provide more accurate results as it bypasses potential limitations of browser-based tests [8].
  3. Minimize network activity: During the test, ensure that no other devices or applications are using the network. This includes pausing any downloads, streaming services, or background updates that might be running [9].
  4. Monitor network activity: To further ensure isolation, consider running a network monitor tool in parallel with the speed test. This helps verify that no other applications are consuming bandwidth during the test [9].
  5. Consider testing from multiple locations: If using Wi-Fi, try running speed tests at varying distances from the router and in different rooms or floors of the home. This can help gage the router’s range and identify any dead zones [8].

Choosing the Right Time

The timing of a speed test can significantly impact the results due to network congestion and peak usage periods. Here are some considerations for choosing the right time to test:

  1. Avoid peak hours: Depending on the internet connection type, peak usage times (typically weeknight evenings when many people stream entertainment) can hinder speeds. To get a comprehensive view of performance, it’s advisable to run speed tests at various times throughout the day [8].
  2. Test over extended periods: For a more accurate representation of internet speeds, consider running tests over several days. This approach can help uncover patterns in speed fluctuations, such as regular drops during peak hours [9].
  3. Be aware of ISP practices: Some ISPs may employ practices that can affect speed test results. For example, there have been reports of ISPs improving connection speeds specifically to speed test servers [10]. Running tests at different times and using various testing tools can help mitigate this issue.
  4. Consider seasonal factors: Internet speeds can vary due to factors such as holidays or other events that might cause increased network usage. Keep these potential influences in mind when interpreting test results [11].
  5. Test during both peak and off-peak hours: To get a comprehensive understanding of your connection’s performance, it’s recommended to run tests during both busy and quiet periods. This approach provides insights into the consistency of your internet service [8].

By following these guidelines for isolating the connection and choosing the right time for testing, users can obtain more accurate and reliable results from their internet speed tests. This information can be valuable for troubleshooting issues, verifying service levels, and making informed decisions about internet plans and providers.

Step-by-Step Speed Test Guide

Decoding Speed Test Results

Understanding Mbps

When interpreting speed test results, it’s crucial to understand the unit of measurement used: Megabits per second (Mbps). This metric represents the rate at which data is transferred over an internet connection. One megabit equals one million bits of information, and it’s important not to confuse this with megabytes (MB), which measure size rather than bandwidth [12].

For slower connections, results might be displayed in Kilobits per second (Kbps), where one kilobit equals 1,000 bits of information [12]. Understanding these units helps users accurately assess their internet speeds and compare them to their service provider’s advertised rates.

Download vs. Upload Speeds

Speed tests typically provide two primary metrics: download and upload speeds. These measurements are fundamental to understanding the overall performance of an internet connection.

Download speed refers to how quickly data can be transferred from the internet to a user’s device. This metric affects most common online activities, including:

  1. Loading web pages and images
  2. Streaming video and music
  3. Downloading files

For instance, Netflix recommends download speeds of at least 5 Mbps for high-definition streaming and 25 Mbps for 4K Ultra HD content [13]. Similarly, participating in video calls and webinars, such as those on Zoom, requires speeds of 2-3 Mbps [13].

Upload speed, on the other hand, measures how fast data can be sent from a user’s device to the internet. While less frequently utilized, good upload speeds are essential for:

  1. Sending emails with large attachments
  2. Uploading content to social media or video platforms
  3. Participating in video calls (sending video feed)

Experts suggest that an upload speed of 5 Mbps or more is sufficient for most purposes [13]. However, for activities like online gaming or frequent video conferencing, higher upload speeds become increasingly important to avoid lag and ensure smooth interactions.

It’s worth noting that most internet connections are designed to provide faster download speeds compared to upload speeds, as the majority of online activities primarily involve downloading data [12].

Latency and Ping

Latency, often referred to as ping, is another crucial aspect of internet performance. It measures the time it takes for data to travel from a user’s device to a server and back, typically expressed in milliseconds (ms) [12].

Low latency is essential for activities that require real-time interaction, such as online gaming or video calls. A typical ping rate within the same city should be lower than 20ms, while intercity connections might range between 30-60ms. For intercontinental connections, ping values can climb to 150-200ms [14].

When interpreting speed test results, users should consider the following benchmarks for latency:

  1. Latency of 200ms or below, depending on the connection type and travel distance
  2. Packet loss below 5% within a 10-minute timeframe
  3. Jitter percentage below 15%
  4. Mean Opinion Score (MOS) of 2.5 or higher [15]

High latency can result in laggy gameplay, constant stream buffering, and long page load times. For most online activities, lower latency values indicate a more responsive connection [15].

To gain a comprehensive understanding of internet speed and performance, experts recommend conducting multiple speed tests at different times of the day. This approach accounts for variations in network congestion and provides a more accurate average speed [13]. Additionally, comparing wired and wireless connection speeds can help identify any obstacles affecting wireless signals.

By understanding these key metrics – download and upload speeds, as well as latency – users can better evaluate their internet connection’s performance and determine if it meets their specific needs for activities such as streaming, gaming, or remote work.

Factors Influencing Speed Test Results

Internet speed tests are essential tools for measuring connection performance, but various factors can influence the results. Understanding these factors helps users interpret test outcomes more accurately and troubleshoot potential issues.

Network Congestion

Network congestion significantly impacts speed test results. Like traffic on a highway, internet bandwidth is shared among multiple users and devices. During peak hours, when many people are online simultaneously, speeds can decrease due to increased network load [16].

The number of devices connected to a network also affects performance. Each device consumes a portion of the available bandwidth, especially over Wi-Fi. As more devices connect, the overall speed for each device may decrease [16]. This is particularly noticeable in homes with numerous Internet of Things (IoT) devices, such as smart TVs, doorbell cameras, and voice assistants, which constantly exchange data and consume bandwidth [16].

To mitigate congestion issues, users can:

  1. Use wired Ethernet connections for bandwidth-intensive devices where possible
  2. Disconnect unused devices from the network
  3. Schedule large downloads or updates during off-peak hours

Hardware Limitations

The capabilities of a user’s hardware can significantly influence speed test results. Several components play crucial roles:

  1. Network Adapter: The network interface card or Wi-Fi adapter in a device determines the maximum internet speed it can handle. Upgrading to a high-speed Ethernet card or a Wi-Fi card supporting the latest standards (e.g., Wi-Fi 6) can enhance internet performance [17].
  2. Router: Outdated routers can bottleneck internet speeds. Routers older than 2014 may struggle to handle modern connection speeds. The newest routers can manage up to 5 GHz and speeds of 9,600 Mbps [17].
  3. Hard Drive: The type of storage drive affects how quickly data is processed and stored. Solid-state drives (SSDs) offer faster read/write speeds compared to traditional hard disk drives (HDDs), which can impact download speeds and overall performance [17].
  4. RAM: While RAM doesn’t directly affect internet speed, it influences overall system responsiveness and the ability to handle multiple tasks simultaneously. Higher RAM capacity allows for smoother multitasking and faster data processing [17].
  5. Processor: A powerful CPU enhances overall computing experience, including the efficiency of handling online content. However, it’s not the primary factor in determining download speeds [17].

To optimize hardware performance:

  1. Regularly update router firmware
  2. Consider upgrading to a mesh network for better coverage in larger homes
  3. Upgrade older devices or remove them from the network when not in use

Server Location

The geographical and network location of speed test servers can significantly impact results. Users may experience vastly different speeds when testing against local servers versus those located far away [18].

Key points to consider regarding server location:

  1. Network Path: The route data takes between the user’s device and the test server doesn’t always correlate with geographical distance. In some cases, data may travel thousands of miles due to network infrastructure, even for seemingly close connections [18].
  2. Number of Hops: The more nodes or routers data passes through, the greater the potential for delay. A connection with one hop to a local server may achieve 50 Mbps, while a connection with 25 hops to a distant server might only reach 5 Mbps [18].
  3. ISP Relationships: Internet Service Providers (ISPs) may have different relationships with various network providers, affecting the routing and speed of connections to different servers [18].
  4. Speed Test Server Selection: Many service providers use “off-net” speed test servers, which can introduce variables beyond the provider’s control, such as bandwidth usage and network quality issues [19].

To get a more accurate representation of internet speeds:

  1. Test against multiple servers at different times of day
  2. Compare results from both local and distant servers
  3. Use speed test applications that offer a variety of server locations

By considering these factors – network congestion, hardware limitations, and server location – users can better understand and interpret their speed test results. This knowledge allows for more effective troubleshooting and a clearer picture of actual internet performance.

Improving Your Internet Speed

Router Optimization

To enhance internet speed, optimizing the router is a crucial first step. One simple yet effective method is to restart the equipment, also known as power cycling. This process involves turning off the router along with all connected devices, waiting for 30 seconds, and then turning everything back on [20]. Power cycling can reduce latency, improve reliability, and increase overall performance by refreshing the relationship between devices on the network.

The physical placement of the router plays a significant role in its performance. For optimal results, users should position the router in a central location, up off the floor, and in an open space [20]. It’s advisable to keep the router away from windows, other electronics, heat sources, moisture, extreme cold, or large metal objects. Placing the router on the main floor where internet is frequently accessed, rather than in a basement or attic, can significantly improve signal strength and coverage.

Updating the router’s firmware is another essential step in optimization. Firmware acts as the router’s operating system, and developers continuously work to improve performance, enhance security, and fix bugs [21]. Regular firmware updates can lead to improved network stability and speed.

For users experiencing connectivity issues in certain areas of their home, extending the network’s range might be necessary. This can be achieved through various devices such as mesh router systems, which ensure strong Wi-Fi coverage throughout the home [22]. Mesh systems can be particularly beneficial for larger homes or those with complex layouts that create Wi-Fi dead zones.

Upgrading Your Plan

If router optimization doesn’t yield satisfactory results, upgrading to a faster internet plan might be necessary. Before considering an upgrade, it’s important to assess current speeds compared to the advertised speed of the existing plan. Users can utilize free speed test apps to measure their actual internet speed on various devices [22].

When upgrading, fiber internet with gigabit+ speeds (1 Gig, 1200 Mbps, 1500 Mbps, 2 Gig, or 5 Gig) offers the fastest and most reliable form of internet available [20]. Fiber optic technologies are capable of delivering these high speeds directly to homes, providing numerous benefits such as:

  1. Quick download speeds
  2. Fast upload times
  3. Reduced buffering or dropped connections
  4. More reliable connections for video conferencing and live streams
  5. Better support for multiple users on the same Wi-Fi network
  6. Optimized speed for gaming [20]

It’s worth noting that faster internet doesn’t always mean paying more. Often, switching from a slower type of connection (like satellite or DSL) to a faster one (like cable or fiber) can provide faster speeds and more stable connections at a similar price point [22].

Using Wired Connections

While wireless connections offer convenience, wired connections provide superior performance in many aspects. One of the most compelling advantages of wired internet is its unparalleled reliability and consistency [23]. Unlike wireless connections that can be affected by signal interference or physical obstacles, wired connections offer stable and consistent bandwidth.

Wired connections tend to offer higher speeds and lower latency compared to wireless alternatives [23]. This is particularly crucial for businesses dealing with data-intensive tasks like large file transfers, video streaming, or online backups. The improved speed and reduced lag can significantly enhance productivity by preventing frustrating bottlenecks that hinder daily operations.

From a security standpoint, wired connections are more difficult to tap into without physical access to the network infrastructure [23]. This provides an additional layer of protection against potential cyber threats.

Wired networks are largely immune to interference from other devices or environmental factors. While adverse weather can sometimes affect exterior cables, they are heavily shielded against such interference and don’t suffer from the same problems with frequency congestion that plague wireless networks [23].

For optimal performance, it’s recommended to use wired connections for devices that require the fastest internet possible, such as gaming consoles, desktop PCs, or streaming boxes [24]. While this may limit device mobility, the trade-off in speed and stability is often worth the effort.

To implement wired connections effectively, users can employ cable management techniques. Small brackets or wall mounts can keep Ethernet cables fixed to walls, ensuring a tidy setup while maximizing connection speed [24].

By implementing these strategies – optimizing router settings and placement, considering plan upgrades, and utilizing wired connections where possible – users can significantly improve their internet speed and overall online experience. Remember that the best approach often involves a combination of these methods, tailored to individual needs and circumstances.

Conclusion

In today’s digital world, having a fast and reliable internet connection has a massive impact on our daily lives. From streaming movies to working remotely, the speed of our internet connection shapes our online experiences. This guide has walked you through the process of testing your internet speed, explaining the different types of tests available and how to interpret the results. We’ve also explored the factors that can affect your speed test outcomes, such as network congestion, hardware limitations, and server location.

To boost your internet speed, there are several steps you can take. Optimizing your router settings, upgrading your internet plan, and using wired connections where possible can all help to improve your online experience. Remember, the key to getting the most out of your internet connection is to understand your needs and tailor your approach accordingly. By following the tips and insights provided in this guide, you’ll be well-equipped to get the best possible performance from your internet connection.

FAQs

1. What is the step-by-step process to check internet speed?
To check your internet speed, open a web browser on any device such as a computer, phone, or tablet, and navigate to a speed test website to view the results. For a more accurate measure of your router’s internet speed, connect your computer to the router using an Ethernet cable, then access the “Settings” to check your speed.

2. How is an internet speed test conducted?
Internet speed tests are typically performed by services like speedtest.net, Comcast, and other ISPs. These tests provide results for “ping”, which measures latency. Latency is calculated by sending HTTP requests to the server of the speed test and timing how long it takes to receive a response. The test also measures download and upload speeds.

3. What are the best practices for conducting a reliable internet speed test?
For a comprehensive internet speed test, consider the following tips:

  • Use both Ethernet and Wi-Fi connections to compare and understand speed differences.
  • Test the speed at various distances from your router to gage signal strength.
  • Use different devices for testing to see how each performs.
  • Conduct tests at different times throughout the day to check for consistency and peak performance times.

4. How can I accurately test my Wi-Fi signal speed?
To test your Wi-Fi speed, follow these steps:

  • Open a web browser on a stationary device such as a computer, phone, or tablet.
  • Visit a speed test website such as hellotech.com/speed.
  • Click on the “Go” button and wait for the test to complete.
  • Repeat the test as necessary to verify the speed consistency and reliability.

References

[1] – https://www.quora.com/Why-is-bandwidth-important-to-internet-users
[2] – https://www.highspeedinternet.com/resources/the-consumers-guide-to-internet-speed
[3] – https://www.tataplayfiber.com/blog/importance-fast-speed-internet-todays-digital-world
[4] – https://communitytechnetwork.org/blog/14-ways-the-internet-improves-our-lives/
[5] – https://cacm.acm.org/research/measuring-internet-speed/
[6] – https://support.ookla.com/hc/en-us/articles/9479113794317-Why-Do-I-See-Different-Speeds-When-Testing-Via-Apps-and-Browsers
[7] – https://www.ookla.com/resources/guides/speedtest-methodology
[8] – https://www.cnet.com/home/internet/best-speed-tests/
[9] – https://www.quora.com/Whats-a-good-way-to-do-a-constant-internet-speed-test
[10] – https://superuser.com/questions/1150727/whats-the-best-way-to-conduct-a-reliable-internet-speed-test-over-a-given-perio
[11] – https://superuser.com/questions/1020157/how-do-i-accurately-measure-internet-speed
[12] – https://www.speedtest.net/help
[13] – https://www.usnews.com/360-reviews/services/internet-providers/difference-between-download-upload-speeds
[14] – http://www.chorus.co.nz/get-better-internet/guides/your-speed-test-results-explained
[15] – https://www.pingplotter.com/wisdom/article/is-my-connection-good/
[16] – https://www.whidbeytel.com/how-do-your-devices-affect-your-internet-speed/
[17] – https://mcsnet.ca/blog/how-does-processor-speed-affect-internet-speed/
[18] – https://www.quora.com/When-trying-to-test-my-internet-speed-by-choosing-one-of-my-ISP-servers-I-get-a-5-times-higher-speed-than-choosing-any-other-server-in-my-country-even-if-both-servers-have-nearly-the-same-geographical-location-away
[19] – https://imperiumdata.com/the-importance-of-having-your-own-speed-test-server/
[20] – https://www.astound.com/learn/internet/optimize-wifi-speed/
[21] – https://www.highspeedinternet.com/resources/improve-your-wi-fi-speed-in-10-simple-steps
[22] – https://www.highspeedinternet.com/resources/will-paying-for-faster-internet-improve-my-wi-fi-speed
[23] – https://sota.co.uk/surprising-benefits-wired-internet-businesses/
[24] – https://www.wired.com/story/how-to-make-your-wifi-better-faster/